Buff Cowpea

Drought and heat tolerant summer forage legume

Vigna unguiculata

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Buff Cowpea is an annual herbaceous summer legume forage crop exhibiting a spreading growth habit. Cowpeas are a type of summer forage legume that are tolerant of drought and heat. They can be used to fatten cattle and sheep, or as a green manure crop to improve soil nitrogen levels and can produce quality hay or silage especially in a mix with forage sorghums or millet. Cowpeas can grow in a variety of soils, but they don't like to be waterlogged.

Key attributes

  • Excellent source of nitrogen in summer rotations
  • Good companion legume with millet and forage sorghum
  • Adds quality to silage and hay through higher protein content
  • Excellent green manure crop
  • Dual-purpose crop for grain and/or forage
  • Easy establishment

About this variety

Buff is an erect annual with an herbaceous growth habit and trifoliate leaves producing up to eight branches. It can be used as a dual-purpose crop either for grain and/or forage. Flowering occurs 49–55 days after sowing; flowers have pale violet standard petals on long peduncles. Pods are straw-coloured and contain about 11 buff-coloured, rhomboid seeds.

It produces high seed yields where both seed and plant offer high nutritive value and palatability. It is easy to establish and is known to improve soil fertility through nitrogen fixation. It is widely adaptable to a range of soil types and has greater drought tolerance than other pulses. Used as a grain for human consumption or as forage for livestock.

Cowpeas were released to Australia as a grazing type of cowpea suited to subtropical coastal areas with medium rainfall or in areas with irrigation.

Planting & grazing notes

Best sown when soil temperatures reach 16°C, requiring warm temperatures 25-35°C to grow and good soil moisture. Sow at a depth of 3 – 5 cm. Use 18 – 35cm row spacings to achieve 9 – 13 plants per m². Wider row spacings allow for better livestock access and reduce trampling. Before sowing, the seeds should be inoculated with Group I to ensure nodulation and nitrogen fixation. Light grazing is recommended to ensure plant regrowth, and it responds well to applications of phosphorus, potassium, and sulphur. Susceptible to frost.

Disease & pest resistance

Cowpeas are susceptible to pests and diseases including Phaseolus and root rot fungus.

Stand life

Annual summer forage crop; flowering occurs 49–55 days after sowing.

How it's sold

FormPackStatus
Bare25 kgIn stock
Buff Cowpea

FAQs

What summer legume can I grow for sheep and cattle feed that handles heat and dry spells?

We recommend Buff Cowpea, an annual summer forage legume that tolerates drought and heat and can be used to fatten cattle and sheep. It suits areas with 500mm+ rainfall or irrigation and a wide range of soils, although it doesn't like waterlogging. Sow at 15 to 20 kg/ha once soil temperatures reach 16°C.

How deep and how thick should I sow Buff cowpeas?

Sow Buff Cowpea 3–5cm deep at 15–20 kg/ha, using 18–35cm row spacings to target 9–13 plants per m². Wider row spacings give livestock better access and reduce trampling. Inoculate the seed with Group I inoculant before sowing, and wait until soil temperatures reach 16°C with good moisture.

What can I mix with forage sorghum or millet to lift the protein in my summer silage?

Adding Buff Cowpea is a good way to do it. Cowpeas are a good companion legume for our Bounty Forage Sorghum and Shirohie Millet, and their higher protein lifts the quality of the hay or silage. They also fix nitrogen for the following crop. Inoculate with Group I and sow once soil temperatures reach 16°C.

I want a summer green manure to put nitrogen back into my soil before the winter crop, what do you suggest?

We recommend Buff Cowpea, an excellent green manure crop that improves soil nitrogen levels when inoculated with Group I. It is easy to establish, grows in a range of soils and tolerates drought, though not waterlogging. It needs warm conditions of 25 to 35°C, soil temperatures of 16°C at sowing and 500mm+ rainfall or irrigation, and flowers 49 to 55 days after sowing.

How hard can I graze a summer cowpea crop?

We recommend only light grazing of Buff Cowpea, to ensure the plants regrow. It is an annual summer forage crop that can be regrazed, and wider row spacings (18 to 35cm) allow better livestock access and reduce trampling. Buff responds well to phosphorus, potassium and sulphur, and it is susceptible to frost.

Will Buff cowpeas cope with a wet, waterlogged paddock?

No, Buff Cowpea doesn't like to be waterlogged, so we recommend sowing it on free-draining ground. It grows in a variety of soils and is drought tolerant, but it is susceptible to root rot fungus. For paddocks that sit wet, talk to us about a crop better suited to wet conditions.

When is it warm enough to plant summer legumes in WA?

For Buff Cowpea, we recommend waiting until the soil temperature reaches 16°C and there is good soil moisture. The crop needs warm temperatures of 25 to 35°C to grow. Cowpeas are susceptible to frost, so avoid sowing while there is still a frost risk. Buff flowers 49 to 55 days after sowing.

Is there a summer crop I can grow for both grain and grazing?

Buff Cowpea is a dual-purpose option for grain and forage. It produces high seed yields, and both the seed and the plant have high nutritive value and palatability. The pods hold about 11 buff-coloured seeds. Buff flowers 49 to 55 days after sowing, suits 500mm+ rainfall or irrigation, and should be sown at 15 to 20 kg/ha.

Buff vs Ebony cowpeas, what's the difference?

Both are annual summer forage legumes that fix nitrogen and pair well with millet and forage sorghum. Buff Cowpea is an erect type that flowers 49 to 55 days after sowing and produces high seed yields. Our Ebony Cowpea ranges from a prostrate trailing plant to a climbing vine, has a long production season, and is resistant to Phytophthora stem rot races 3 and 4.

Are Buff cowpeas safe for sheep and cattle?

Yes, Buff Cowpea can be used to fatten both cattle and sheep, and both the seed and plant offer high nutritive value and palatability. We recommend light grazing so the plants can regrow, and introducing stock gradually as with any new feed. For hay or silage, they work well in a mix with forage sorghum or millet.